Jeff,
There are probably many ways to do this... but what I did was first install the Yocto based OS on Edison, and use the opkg command to load the latest kernel and modules from the opkg repository. This provides the correct set of modules and kernel files. I then tar'ed up the /boot and /lib/modules directories, and saved them to a USB stick.
Then I installed the Ubilinux OS on Edison, mounted up the USB stick and then unpacked the kernel and modules into their proper places, and rebooted.
Now, I know I also did apt-get's of many audio related packages on the Ubilinux version of the OS, and I'm not yet completely satisfied with the overall functionality (I find pulse-audio quite flakey in recognizing hardware appropriately, and I've uninstalled that. I also have issues with audacity no longer working if I invoke sox...). But as long as I don't use sox (which sucks--excuse the pun), audacity records audio with no problems. I haven't tested an output device, as I'm mainly just interested in analyzing sounds (frequency content, magnitude).
I hope that helps...